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Importance At a given estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), individuals who are Black have higher rates of mortality and kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT) compared with those who are non-Black. Meaning Among eGFR equations without race, the equation including both creatinine and cystatin C, but not the equation including creatinine without cystatin C, demonstrated racial differences in the risk of kidney failure requiring replacement therapy and mortality. Compared with alternative equations, the creatinine-based eGFR equation without race attenuated racial differences in the risk of kidney failure requiring replacement therapy and mortality at normal eGFR and showed no significant racial differences in the risk at reduced eGFR. Question Compared with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equations that include Black vs non-Black race or cystatin C, do eGFR equations without race or cystatin C alter estimates of racial differences in risk of kidney failure requiring replacement therapy and mortality?įindings In this retrospective individual-level data analysis of 62 011 participants, decreased eGFR was related to higher risk for all equations and within both racial groups.